Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg
Galleys (галеры)

Peter the Great imported clavichords into Russia. At this time in Russia, "clavichords" (клавикорды) includes clavichords, harpsichords, clavorgans, and pianos. Although Peter the Great had imported clavichords from Europe, music for these instruments wasn't published until circa 1783. The music playing when this web page loads is authentic 19th century Russian clavichord music.

Galleys (галеры) or katorgas (каторги) were used to ferry troops. For example, galleys were used by Russia to gain access to the Baltic and the Gulf of Bothnia in the famous battle at Gangut in July, 1714. Similarly, galleys were used to access to the Sea of Azov, followed by access to the Crimean chersonese on the Black Sea.
  1. Galley (галера) #1
  2. Galley (галера) #2

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