Esther M. Zimmer Lederberg
Ostankino Girandoles

  1. Girandole: #1
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  3. Girandole: #3
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  11. Girandole: #11
Controlled illumination of the stage was a major objective. Use of "girandoles" (illuminating earrings) has been discussed ("clothing"). However, the etymology of the word "girandole" is: "Revolving or gyrating jets of light" or something to that effect. In fact, girandoles had a second meaning: chandeliers or lighting devices using rock crystals, vibrating due to warm air currents (from candles). Thus table lamps, standing floor lamps, and wall sconces (often with basons and candles) were also considered to be "girandoles". Furthermore, sometimes the rock crystals were colored: violet, red, turquoise, yellow, dark blue. Sometimes the rock crystals were made from amethyst. 1, 2

1 Cherviakov, Aleksandr; "The Ostankino Palace-Museum: A guide (Guidebook)", Raduga Publishers, 1985
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2 Efremova, Irina and Petukhova, Irina; "Osvetitelnye pribory. Kollektsiya Muzeya-usadby Ostankino" (podarochnoe izdanie), {"Lighting Museum Collection Ostankino Estate"}, 2005

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